Inferences on Criminality Based on Appearance

In our research study, we tested whether people can tell if someone is a criminal or not based on a photograph of their face. The importance of the subject lies in the fact that many people are unfairly judged as criminals based on stereotypes such as race. In this study, we wished to eliminate race and see if any purely facial characteristics are stereotypically defined as criminal or if a person’s initial judgment is an accurate predictor of someone’s character. Extensive research has been dedicated to finding if people have facial features that portray some characteristic about them and this study will focus on criminality. Through the use of a face modulating program, neutral faced photographs were shown to participants with a question that asked if the person in the photograph is a criminal or not. The data gathered will be beneficial in either identifying facial features that are associated with criminals or that show the interesting phenomena of gut instinct

Cover and contents : “Proceedings of the 14th CEReS Symposium on Enviromental Remote Sensing” February 17, 2012

2012年2月17日（金） 於 千葉大学けやき会

Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this report is to provide a succinct but comprehensive summary of the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of manual treatment for the management of a variety of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal conditions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The conclusions are based on the results of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), widely accepted and primarily UK and United States evidence-based clinical guidelines, plus the results of all RCTs not yet included in the first three categories. The strength/quality of the evidence regarding effectiveness was based on an adapted version of the grading system developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force and a study risk of bias assessment tool for the recent RCTs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By September 2009, 26 categories of conditions were located containing RCT evidence for the use of manual therapy: 13 musculoskeletal conditions, four types of chronic headache and nine non-musculoskeletal conditions. We identified 49 recent relevant systematic reviews and 16 evidence-based clinical guidelines plus an additional 46 RCTs not yet included in systematic reviews and guidelines.</p> <p>Additionally, brief references are made to other effective non-pharmacological, non-invasive physical treatments.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Spinal manipulation/mobilization is effective in adults for: acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain; migraine and cervicogenic headache; cervicogenic dizziness; manipulation/mobilization is effective for several extremity joint conditions; and thoracic manipulation/mobilization is effective for acute/subacute neck pain. The evidence is inconclusive for cervical manipulation/mobilization alone for neck pain of any duration, and for manipulation/mobilization for mid back pain, sciatica, tension-type headache, coccydynia, temporomandibular joint disorders, fibromyalgia, premenstrual syndrome, and pneumonia in older adults. Spinal manipulation is not effective for asthma and dysmenorrhea when compared to sham manipulation, or for Stage 1 hypertension when added to an antihypertensive diet. In children, the evidence is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness for otitis media and enuresis, and it is not effective for infantile colic and asthma when compared to sham manipulation.</p> <p>Massage is effective in adults for chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain. The evidence is inconclusive for knee osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, migraine headache, and premenstrual syndrome. In children, the evidence is inconclusive for asthma and infantile colic.</p

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Effects of the nitrification inhibitor acetylene on nitrous oxide emissions and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms of different agricultural soils under laboratory incubation conditions

Acetylene (C2H2) is an effective nitrification inhibitor targeting autotrophic ammonia oxidizers, and has shown promise for improving nitrogen use efficiency by mitigating greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and reducing nitrate leaching. Its efficacy, however, varies considerably with edaphic and environmental conditions and remains largely less studied in dryland agricultural soils. Here we conducted two laboratory microcosm incubations to explore the efficacy of C2H2 across various agricultural soils and under different conditions. The first incubation was with four agricultural soils at 25°C and 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS), and the second incubation included one cropping soil under a range of conditions (15°C, 25°C, 35°C and 50%, 70% WFPS). Our results showed that incubation of soil with 1% v/v C2H2 resulted in complete or partial inhibition of nitrification, N2O emission, and AOA or AOB growth under the experimental conditions. Acetylene can totally inhibit nitrification in acidic cropping and dairy pasture soils through retarding both AOA and AOB growth, while C2H2 partly inhibited nitrification and N2O emission in the alkaline vegetable soil through impeding only AOB growth. The highest inhibition effect of C2H2 was achieved at 25°C and 50% WFPS, while there was no inhibitory effect of C2H2 when soil was incubated at 15°C and 50% WFPS suggesting soil temperature may have a significant influence on C2H2 effectiveness. The inhibition of C2H2 on cumulative N2O emission increased with increasing temperature at 50% WFPS. In contrast, at 70% WFPS, the inhibition of C2H2 on cumulative N2O emission decreased with increasing temperature. Since the effect of C2H2 varied with soils and environmental conditions, this highlights the assumption that N2O production and nitrification can be affected by low concentrations of C2H2 may be not appropriate in some occasions

Nitrifier-induced denitrification is an important source of soil nitrous oxide and can be inhibited by a nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate

Soil ecosystem represents the largest contributor to global nitrous oxide (N2O) production, which is regulated by a wide variety of microbial communities in multiple biological pathways. A mechanistic understanding of these N2O production biological pathways in complex soil environment is essential for improving model performance and developing innovative mitigation strategies. Here, combined approaches of the 15N-18O labelling technique, transcriptome analysis, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were used to identify the relative contributions of four N2O pathways including nitrification, nitrifier-induced denitrification (nitrifier denitrification and nitrification-coupled denitrification) and heterotrophic denitrification in six soils (alkaline vs. acid soils). In alkaline soils, nitrification and nitrifier-induced denitrification were the dominant pathways of N2O production, and application of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) significantly reduced the N2O production from these pathways; this is probably due to the observed reduction in the expression of the amoA gene in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the DMPP-amended treatments. In acid soils, however, heterotrophic denitrification was the main source for N2O production, and was not impacted by the application of DMPP. Our results provide robust evidence that the nitrification inhibitor DMPP can inhibit the N2O production from nitrifier-induced denitrification, a potential significant source of N2O production in agricultural soils